@STRING( TUVienna = "Vienna University of Technology" )
@STRING( DepAuto  = "Department of Automation" )
@STRING( AutoTU   = DepAuto # ", " # TUVienna )
@STRING( TUAuto   = TUVienna # ", " # DepAuto )
@STRING( PaperURL = "http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/Projects/SynUTC/papers.html")


@Article{AK96,
   author = "M. H. Azadmanesh and R. M. Kieckhafer",
   title = "New Hybrid Fault Models for Asynchronous Approximate Agreement",
   journal = "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
   year = 1996,
   volume = 45,
   number = 4,
   pages = "439--449",
}

@TechReport{APS00,
   title = "Evaluation of {NTI}-based {GPS}-Time Distribution over {E}thernet",
   author = {Daniel Albeseder and Gerold Pawelka and Ulrich Schmid},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-97",
   month = "January",
   year = 2000,
   note = "(forthcoming)",
}

@Article{BA99,
   author = "Barry Boehm and Chris Abts",
   title = "{COTS} Integration: Plug and Pray?",
   journal = "IEEE Computer",
   volume = 32,
   number = 1,
   year = 1999,
   pages = "135--138",
   month = jan,
}

@Article{BI96,
   author = "R. R. Brooks and S. S. Iyengar",
   title = "Robust Distributed Computing and Sensing Algorithms",
   journal = "IEEE Computer",
   year = 1996,
   pages = "53--60",
   month = jun,
}

@InProceedings{BP91:1,
   author = "M. J. Pfluegl and D. M. Blough",
   title = "Evaluation of a New Algorithm for Fault-Tolerant Clock Synchronization",
   booktitle = "Proceedings Pacific Rim Internation Symposium on Fault Tolerant Systems",
   month = sep,
   year = 1991,
   address = "Kawasaki, Japan",
   pages = "38--43",
}

@Article{Cri89,
   author = "F. Cristian",
   title = "Probabilistic Clock Synchronization",
   journal = "Distributed Computing",
   year = "1989",
   volume = "3", 
   number = "3",       
   pages = "146--158",
}

@Article{Dan97,
   author = "P. H. Dana", 
   title = "Global {P}ositioning {S}ystem ({GPS}) Time Dissemination
            for Real-Time Applications",
   journal = "Real-Time Systems",
   year = "1997",
   volume = "12",
   number = "1",
   month = "January",
   pages = "9--40", 
}

@Article{DB93,
   author = {R. Drummond and \"O. Babao\u{g}lu},
   title = "Low-cost clock synchronization",
   journal = "Distributed Computing",
   year = 1993,
   volume = 6,
   pages = "193--203",
}


@Article{DHS86,
   author = "D. Dolev and J. Y. Halpern and H. R. Strong",
   title = "On the Possibility and Impossibility of Achieving Clock Synchronization",
   journal = "Journal of Computer and System Sciences",
   year = 1986,
   volume = 32,
   pages = "230--250",
}

@InProceedings{FC95:1,
   author = "C. Fetzer and F. Cristian",
   title = "An Optimal Internal Clock Synchronization Algorithm",
   booktitle = "Proceedings 10th Annual IEEE Conference on Computer Assurance",
   month = jun,
   year = 1995,
   address = "Gaithersburg, MD",
}

@InProceedings{FC95:2,
   author = "C. Fetzer and F. Cristian",
   title = "Lower Bounds for Function Based Clock Synchronization",
   booktitle = "Proceedings 14th ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing",
   month = aug,
   year = 1995,
   address = "Ottawa, CA",
}

@InProceedings{FC97,
   author    = {Fetzer, C. and Cristian, F.},
   title     = {Fail-Awareness: An Approach to Construct Fail-Safe Applications},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing},
   year      = {1997},
   month     = {Jun},
   address   = {Seattle},
   url       = {http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/cfetzer/FAPS/faps.html},
   note      = {http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/cfetzer/FAPS/faps.html},
}

@Article{FC97:rts,
   author = "C. Fetzer and F. Cristian",
   title = "Integrating External and Internal Clock Synchronization",
   journal = "J. Real-Time Systems",
   year = 1997,
   volume = 12,
   number = 2,
   pages = "123--172",
   month = mar,
}

@InProceedings{FC99,
   author    = {C. Fetzer and F. Cristian},
   title     = {Building Fault-Tolerant Hardware Clocks},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh IFIP International Working Conference on Dependable Computing for Critical Applications},
   year      = {1999},
   pages     = {59-78},
   month     = {Jan},
   address   = {San Jose, USA},
   url       = {http://www.cs.ucsd.edu/users/cfetzer/HWC},
   note      = {http://www.cs.ucsd.edu/\~{ }cfetzer/HWC} 
}

@InProceedings{FS97,
   author = 	 {Michael Freund and Ulrich Schmid},
   title = 	 {In fehlertoleranten {C}omputernetzwerken},
   booktitle = 	 {{G}eistes{B}litze: {B}edeutende {\"O}sterreichische Wissenschaftler im Portr\"at},
   editor = "Michael Freund",
   publisher = "Springer Verlag",
   year = 1997,
   pages = {57-59},
}

@TechReport{Gri99,
   title = "Evaluation System for Clock Synchronization Algorithms", 
   author = {G\"unther Gridling},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-89",
   month = "February",
   year = 1999,
   note = "(to appear)",
}

@InProceedings{GKKT95,
   author = "G. Jeffrey Geier and T. Michael King and Howard L. Kennedy and
Russel D. Thomas and Brett R. McNamara",
   title = "Prediction of the time accuracy and integrity of {GPS} timing",
   booktitle = "Proceedings~of the 49th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium",
   year = 1995,
   address = "San Francisco",
   pages = "266--274",
}


@MastersThesis{Hoe96,
   author = "Dieter H{\"o}chtl",
   title = "Verf{\"u}gbarkeitsuntersuchung von {GPS}-{S}atellitenempf{\"a}ngern",
   school = TUAuto,
   type = "Diplomarbeit",
   month = sep,
   year = 1996,
   pages = "254 p.",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{HKS00,
   author = {Martin Horauer and Nikolaus Ker\"o and Ulrich Schmid},
   title = {A network interface for highly accurate clock synchronization},
   booktitle = "Proceedings {AUSTROCHIP'00}",
   year = 2000,
   month = oct,
   address = "Graz, Austria",
   note = "(to appear)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{HLS96,
   title = "{NTI} Functional and Architectural Specification", 
   author = {Martin Horauer and Dietmar Loy and Ulrich Schmid},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-69",
   month = "December",
   year = 1996,
   pages = {1-54},
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{HL95,
   author = "Martin Horauer and Dietmar Loy",
   title = {Adder Synthesis},
   booktitle = "Proceedings {AUSTROCHIP'95}",
   year = 1995,
   address = "Graz, Austria",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{HL97,
   author = "Martin Horauer and Dietmar Loy",
   title = {{UTCLIENT} -- an {ASIC} Supporting Clock Synchronization in Distributed Real-Time Systems},
   booktitle = "Proceedings {AUSTROCHIP'97}",
   year = 1997,
   month = apr # " 9, ",
   address = "Linz, Austria",
   pages = "290--296",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{HL98,
   author = "Martin Horauer and Dietmar Loy",
   title = {{H}ardware-unterst\"utzte {U}hrensynchronisation 
in {V}erteilten {S}ystemen},
   booktitle = "Proceedings {AUSTROCHIP'98}",
   month = oct,
   year = 1998,
   address = "Wiener Neustadt, Austria",
   pages = "67--72",
   note = "({ISBN} 3-901578-03-X, in {G}erman)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@MastersThesis{Hor94,
   author = "Martin Horauer",
   title = {{E}ntwicklung einer {N}etwork {T}imestamp {U}nit f\"ur einen {V}ersatile {T}iming {A}nalyzer zum {M}onitoring von verteilten {E}chtzeitsystemen},
   school = TUVienna # ", " # "Dept. of Computer Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering",
   type = "Diplomarbeit",
   month = sep,
   year = 1994,
   pages = "108 p.",
   note = "(in {G}erman)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{Hor96,
   title = "A Primer to Digital Design with {S}ynopsys and {C}adence", 
   author = {Martin Horauer},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-68",
   month = oct,
   year = 1996,
   pages = {1-32},
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{HS97,
   author = {D. H{\"o}chtl and U. Schmid},
   title = " Long-Term Evaluation of {GPS} Timing Receiver Failures",
   booktitle = "Proceedings\ of the 29th {IEEE} Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Application Meeting ({PTTI}'97)",
   month = dec,
   year = 1997,
   address = "Long Beach, California",
   pages = "165--180",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{HSS97,
   author = "M. Horauer and U. Schmid and K. Schossmaier",
   title = "{NTI}: A {N}etwork {T}ime {I}nterface {M}-{M}odule
for High-Accuracy Clock Synchronization",
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-76",
   month = "January",
   year = 1997,
   pages = "10 p.",
   url = PaperURL,
}


@InProceedings{HSS98,
   author = "M. Horauer and U. Schmid and K. Schossmaier",
   title = "{NTI}: A {N}etwork {T}ime {I}nterface {M}-{M}odule
for High-Accuracy Clock Synchronization",
   booktitle = "Proceedings 6th International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Real-Time
Systems ({WPDRTS}'98)",
   month = "March 30 -- April 3",
   year = 1998,
   address = "Orlando, Florida",
   pages = "1067--1076",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@Article{HW97,
   author = "Wolfgang A. Halang and Markus Wannemacher",
   title = "High Accuracy Concurrent Event Processing in Hard Real-Time
Systems",
   journal = "J. Real-Time Systems",
   year = 1997,
   volume = 12,
   number = 1,
   pages = "77--94",
   month = jan,
}

@TechReport{HW99,
   title = "Random Generators", 
   author = {Gerald Hummel and Bettina Weiss},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-92",
   month = "February",
   year = 1999,
   pages = {1-17},
   url = PaperURL,
}

@Article{IJN94,
   author = "S.S. Iyengar and D.N. Jayashimha and D. Nadig",
   title = "A Versatile Architecture for the Distributed Sensor Integration Problem",
   journal = "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
   year = 1994,
   month = "February",
   volume = "43",
   number = 2,
   pages = "175--185",
}

@Article{JIK91,
   author = "D.N. Jayashimha and S.S. Iyengar and R.L. Kashyap",
   title = "Information Integration and Synchronization in Distributed Sensor Networks",
   journal = "IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics",
   year = 1991,
   month = "September/October",
   volume = 21,
   number = 5,
   pages = "1032--1043",
}
@TECHREPORT{KSH00,
	TITLE = {Verfahren f\"ur die {S}ynchronisation von {C}omputeruhren in
                 {N}etzwerken}, 
	AUTHOR = {Nikolaus Ker\"o and Ulrich Schmid and Martin Horauer},
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Automation, TU Vienna",
	NUMBER = "183/1-105",
	MONTH = "March",
	YEAR = 2000,
        NOTE = {Austrian Gebrauchsmuster GM 153/2000}
	}
@InProceedings{KKMS95,
   author = {Hermann Kopetz and Andreas Kr\"uger and Dietmar Millinger and Anton Schedl},
   title = "A Synchronization Strategy for a Time-Triggered
Multicluster Real-Time System",
   booktitle = "Proceedings Reliable Distributed Systems (RDS'95)",
   month = sep,
   year = 1995,
   address = "Bad Neuenahr, Germany",
}

@Article{KO87,
   author = "Hermann Kopetz and Wilhelm Ochsenreiter",
   title = "Clock Synchronization in Distributed Real-Time Systems",
   journal = "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
   year = 1987,
   volume = "C-36",
   number = 8,
   pages = "933--939",
}

@Book{Knu73,
   author = "D. E. Knuth",
   title = "Fundamental Algorithms",
   volume = 1,
   series = "The Art of Computer Programming",
   publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
   address = "Reading, Massachusetts",
   edition = "2nd",
   year = "1973",
}

@TechReport{KMSS98,
   title = {{T}ips f\"ur die {M}esse-{P}r\"asentation von {F}orschungsergebnissen}, 
   author = {Christian Kral and Thomas Mandl and Ulrich Schmid and Klaus Schossmaier},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-83",
   month = "April",
   year = 1998,
   pages = "15 p.",
   note = "(in {G}erman)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{Lam87,
   author = "L. Lamport",
   title = "Synchronizing Time Servers",
   institution = "Digital System Research Center",
   type = "Technical Report",
   number = "18",
   year = 1987,
}

@Manual{LANCE92,
   organization = "Intel Corp.", 
   title = "32-bit {LAN} Component User's Manual",
   year = 1992,
}

@Article{Lis93,
   author = "B. Liskov",
   title = "Practical uses of synchronized clocks in distributed systems",
   journal = "Distributed Computing",
   year = 1993,
   volume = 6,
   pages = "211--219",
}

@Article{LM94,
   author = "Mark C. Little and D.L. McCue",
   title = "Construction and Use of a Simulation Package in {C}++",
   journal = "C User's Journal",
   year = 1994,
   volume = "12(3)",
   url = "http://cxxsim.ncl.ac.uk/homepage.html",
}

@Article{LL84,
   author = "J. Lundelius-Welch and N. A. Lynch",
   title = "An Upper and Lower Bound for Clock Synchronization",
   journal = "Information and Control",
   volume = 62, 
   pages = "190--204",
   year = 1984,
}

@Article{LL88,
   author = "J. Lundelius-Welch and N. A. Lynch",
   title = "A New Fault-Tolerant Algorithm for Clock Synchronization",
   journal = "Information and Computation",
   year = 1988,
   volume = 77,
   number = 1,
   pages = "1--36",
}

@PhdThesis{Loy96,
   author = "Dietmar Loy",
   title = "{GPS}-Linked High Accuracy {NTP} Time Processor for Distributed
Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems",
   school = TUVienna # ", " # "Faculty of Electrical Engineering",
   type = "Dissertation",
   month = apr,
   year = 1996,
   pages = "166 p.",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{Loy97,
   author = {Dietmar Loy},
   title = {Time-Services Hardware Support in Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on {VLSI} and {CAD} ({ICVC}'97)},
   month = oct # " 13--15, ",
   year = 1997,
   address = "Seoul, Korea",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@MastersThesis{Man99,
   author = "Thomas Mandl",
   title = "{N}etwork {T}ime {I}nterface {B}enutzerhandbuch",
   school = TUAuto,
   type = "Diplomarbeit",
   month = feb,
   year = 1999,
   pages = "153 p.",
   note = "(in {G}erman)",
   url = PaperURL,
}


@PhdThesis{Mar84,
   author = "K. A. Marzullo",
   title = "Maintaining the Time in a Distributed
System: An Example of a Loosely-Coupled Distributed Service",
   school = "Stanford University",
   type = "{Ph.D.} Dissertation",
   address = "Department of Electrical Engineering",
   month = feb,
   year = 1984,
}

@Article{Mar90,
   author = "K. A. Marzullo",
   title = "Tolerating Failures of Continuous-Valued Sensors",
   journal = "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
   year = 1990,
   volume = 8,
   number = 4,
   pages = "284--304",
}

@Article{Mil91,
   author = "D. L. Mills",
   title = "Internet Time Synchronization: The Network Time Protocol",
   journal = "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
   year = "1991",
   volume = "39",
   number = "10",
   month = "October",
   pages = "1482--1493",
}     

@Article{Mil95,
   author = "D. L. Mills",
   title = "Improved Algorithms for Synchronizing Computer Network Clocks",
   journal = "IEEE Transactions on Networks",
   year = 1995,
   pages = "245--254",
   month = jun,
}

@Misc{Mot98,
   author="{Motorola, Inc}",
   title="Oncore Technical Application Note - 1999 and 2000 Rollovers",
   month="February",
   year="1998",
   note="Revision 2.4, PDF-document can be downloaded from {\tt
         http://www.mot.com/ACCES/GPS/products/index.html}",
   url = "http://www.mot.com/ACCES/GPS/products/index.html",
}

@Manual{Mot94,
   title="Oncore User's Guide",
   organization="Motorola, Inc.",
   year="1994",
   month="June",
   note="Revision 6.1, For Use with ONCORE Receiver Board Firmware
         Release 4.X, 5.X and 6.X"
}

@Manual{MM96,
   author = "MUMM", 
   title = "{ANSI}/{VITA} 12-1996, {M}-{M}odule {S}pecification",
   organization = "Manufacturers and Users of {M}-{M}odules e.V.", 
   year = 1996,
}

@TechReport{MNS99,
   title = {{N}etwork {T}ime {I}nterface User Manual}, 
   author = {Thomas Mandl and Herbert Nachtnebel and Ulrich Schmid},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-87",
   month = jan,
   year = 1999,
   pages = "150 p.",
   note = "(in {G}erman)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@Article{MO83,
   author = "Keith A. Marzullo and Susan Owicki",
   title = "Maintaining the Time in a Distributed System",
   journal = "ACM Operating System Review",
   year = 1983,
   volume = 19,
   number = 3,
   pages = "44-54",
}

@InProceedings{MS85,
   author = {S. R. Mahaney and F. B. Schneider},
   title = {Inexact Agreement: Accuracy, Precision, and Graceful Degradation},
   booktitle = "Proceedings 4th ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing",
   month = aug,
   year = 1985,
   address = "Minaki, Canada",
   pages = "237--249",
}

@InProceedings{NKCMS98,
   author = {Herbert Nachtnebel and Nikolaus Ker\"o and Gerhard R. Cadek and Thomas Mandl and Ulrich Schmid},
   title = {{R}apid {P}rototyping mit programmierbarer {L}ogik: {E}in {F}allbeispiel},
   booktitle = "Proceedings {AUSTROCHIP}'98",
   month = oct,
   year = 1998,
   address = "Wiener Neustadt, Austria",
   pages = "99--104",
   note = "(ISBN 3-901578-03-X, in {G}erman)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@PhdThesis{O87,
   author = "Wilhelm Ochsenreiter",
   title = "Fehlertolerante Uhrensynchronisation in verteilten Realzeitsystemen",
   school = TUVienna # ", " # "Faculty of Technical and Natural Sciences",
   type = "Dissertation",
   year = 1987,
   note = "(in German)",
}


@Book{OSF92,
   author = "OSF",
   title = "Introduction to OSF DCE",
   publisher = "Prentice Hall",
   address = "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
   year = "1992",
}

@Manual{pSOS96,
   author = "Integrated Systems, Inc.", 
   title = "{pSOS} System Programmer's Reference",
   year = 1996,
}

@Manual{pSYS96,
   author = "Integrated Systems, Inc.", 
   title = "{pSOS} System",
   year = 1996,
}

@MastersThesis{Pu95,
   author = "Alfred Pusterhofer",
   title = {{NTSU} {N}etwork {T}imestamp {U}nit: {E}in {M}odul f\"ur {E}venttimestamping und {U}hrensynchronisation via {LAN}},
   school = TUAuto,
   type = "Diplomarbeit",
   month = may,
   year = 1995,
   pages = "203 p.",
   note = "(in {G}erman)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@MastersThesis{Ri97,
   author = "Gerda Richter",
   title = "Device Driver for Real-Time Communications Coprocessor",
   school = TUAuto,
   type = "Diplomarbeit",
   month = jun,
   year = 1997,
   pages = "218 p.",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@Article{RKS90,
   author = "Parameswaran Ramanathan and Dilip D. Kandlur and Kang G. Shin",
   title = "Hardware-Assisted Software Clock Synchronization for
            Homogeneous Distributed Systems",
   journal = "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
   year = "1990",
   month = "April",
   pages = "514--524",
   volume = "39",
   number = "4",
}

@Article{RSB90,
   author = "Parameswaran Ramanathan and Kang G. Shin and Ricky W. Butler",
   title = "Fault-Tolerant Clock Synchronization in Distributed Systems",
   journal = "IEEE Computer",
   year = "1990",
   month = "October",
   pages = "33--42",
   volume = "23",
   number = "10",
}

@TechReport{RSS99,
   title = "i82596 {NTI} {D}evice-{D}river Software Documentation", 
   author = {Gerda Richter and Michael Schmidt and Ulrich Schmid},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-90",
   month = "February",
   year = 1999,
   pages = "200 p.",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{Sch86,
   author = "F. B. Schneider",
   title =  "A Paradigm for Reliable Clock Synchronization",
   booktitle = "Proceedings Advanced Seminar of Local Area Networks",
   address = "Bandol, France",
   month = apr,
   year = 1986,
   pages = "85--104",
}


@TechReport{Sch87,
   author = "F. B. Schneider",
   title = "Understanding Protocols for Byzantine Clock Synchronization",
   institution = "Cornell University",
   type = "Technical Report",
   number = "87-859",
   address = "Department of Computer Science",
   month = aug,
   year = 1987,
}

@InProceedings{Sch94,
   author = "U. Schmid",
   title = "Synchronized {UTC} for Distributed Real-Time Systems",
   booktitle = "Proceedings 19th {IFAC/IFIP} Workshop on Real-Time Programming ({WRTP}'94)",
   year = 1994,
   pages = "101--107",
   address = "Lake Reichenau, Germany",
   notes = "(Best Paper)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{Sch94b,
   title = "An Annotated Bibliography on Clock Synchronization in
Distributed Systems", 
   author = {U. Schmid},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-45",
   year = 1994,
   month = dec,
   pages = {1-14},
   note = "(incomplete)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@Article{Sch95,
   author = "U. Schmid",
   title = "Synchronized {U}niversal {T}ime {C}oordinated for 
   Distributed Real-Time Systems",
   journal = "Control Engineering Practice",
   year = 1995,
   volume = 3,
   number = 6,
   pages = {877-884},
   note = "(Reprint from Proceedings 19th {IFAC/IFIP} Workshop on Real-Time Programming ({WRTP'94}), Lake Reichenau/Germany, 1994, pages 101--107.)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{Sch96,
   author = "U. Schmid",
   title = "Interval-Based Clock Synchronization",
   booktitle = "Seminar-Report 138 of {D}agstuhl-Seminar 9611 on ``Time Services''",
   year = 1996,
   address = "{S}chlo\ss\ {D}agstuhl, {G}ermany",
   month = mar,
   pages = "7",
   note = "(Reprinted in J. Real-Time Systems 12(2), 1997, p.~173)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@Proceedings{Sch97,
   editor = "U. Schmid",
   title = "Special Issue on The Challenge of Global Time in
Large-Scale Distributed Real-Time Systems",
   series = "J. Real-Time Systems 12(1--3)",
   year = 1997,
   pages = "360 p.",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{Sch97:oa,
   title = "Orthogonal Accuracy Clock Synchronization", 
   author = {U. Schmid},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-77",
   month = "March",
   year = 1997,
   pages = {1-53},
   note = "(submitted to Chicago Journal of Theoretical Computer Science)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{Sch97:op,
   title = "Interval-based Clock Synchronization with Optimal Precision", 
   author = {U. Schmid},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-78",
   month = "July",
   year = 1997,
   pages = {1-39},
   note = "(submitted to Information and Computation)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{Sch97:baur,
   author = "U. Schmid",
   title = "{K}abel-{F}ehlerortung mit {S}yn{UTC}",
   institution = TUAuto,
   type = "Technical Report",
   number = "183/1-81",
   month = jul,
   year = 1997,
   pages = "20 p.",
   note = "(Patent: {G}erman {G}ebrauchsmuster 296 23086.3)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@Article{Sch97:es,
   author = "U. Schmid",
   title = {{H}ochgenaue {U}hrensynchronisation \"uber {LAN}s},
   journal = "Elektronikschau",
   year = 1997,
   volume = 10,
   pages = "20--23",
   month = oct,
   note = "(in german)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{Sch98,
   author = "U. Schmid",
   title = "Challenges in Interval-Based Clock Synchronization",
   booktitle = "Seminar-Report 185 of {D}agstuhl-Seminar 9728 on ``Average Case Analysis of Algorithms''",
   year = 1997,
   address = "Schlo\ss\ Dagstuhl, Germany",
   month = jul # " 7--11, ",
   pages = {19-20},
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{SC90,
   author = "F. Schmuck and F. Christian",
   title = "Continuous Amortization need not affect the Precision 
            of a Clock Synchronization Algorithm",
   booktitle = "Proceedings of the 9th Annual ACM Symposium on
                Principles on Distributed Computing (PODC)",
   address = "Quebec City, Canada", 
   year = "1990",
   month = "August",
   pages = "133--144",
}

@InProceedings{SHK99,
   author = {U. Schmid and M. Horauer and N. Ker{\"o}},
   title = "How to Distribute {GPS}-Time over {COTS}-based {LAN}s",
   booktitle = "Proceedings\ of the 31th {IEEE} Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Application Meeting ({PTTI}'99)",
   month = dec,
   year = 1999,
   address = "Dana Point, California",
   note = "(to appear)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{SL93,
   author = "U. Schmid and D. Loy",
   title = "{FWF}-{P}rojektantrag {SynUTC} --- {S}ynchronized {UTC} for Distributed Real-Time Systems",
   institution = TUAuto,
   type = "Technical Report",
   number = "183/1-39",
   year = 1993,
   month = dec,
   pages = "50 p.",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{SN99,
   author = "Ulrich Schmid and Herbert Nachtnebel",
   title = "Experimental Evaluation of High-Accuracy Time Distribution
in a {COTS}-based {E}thernet {LAN}",
   booktitle = "Proceedings 24th {IFAC/IFIP} Workshop on Real-Time Programming ({WRTP}'99)",
   year = 1999,
   address = "Schlo\ss\ Dagstuhl, Germany",
   month = "May/June",
   pages = {59-68},
   notes = "(Best Paper)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@Article{SP95,
   author = "Ulrich Schmid and Alfred Pusterhofer",
   title = {{SSCMP}: The sequenced synchronized clock message protocol},
   journal = "Computer Networks and {ISDN} Systems",
   year = 1995,
   volume = 27,
   pages = "1615--1632",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{SS95,
   author = "Klaus Schossmaier and Ulrich Schmid",
   title = "{UTCSU} Functional Specification",
   institution = TUAuto,
   type = "Technical Report",
   number = "183/1-56",
   month = jul,
   year = 1995,
   pages = {1-26},
   url = PaperURL,
}

@Article{SS97:1,
   author = "U. Schmid and K. Schossmaier",
   title = "Interval-based Clock Synchronization",
   journal = "J. Real-Time Systems",
   year = 1997,
   volume = 12,
   number = 2,
   pages = "173--228",
   month = mar,
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{SS97:2,
   author = "U. Schmid and K. Schossmaier",
   title = "Interval-based Clock Synchronization Revisited",
   institution = TUAuto,
   type = "Technical Report",
   number = "183/1-80",
   month = jul,
   year = 1997,
   pages = {1-24},
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{SS99,
   title = "How to Reconcile Fault-Tolerant Interval Intersection
with the {L}ipschitz Condition",
   author = {U. Schmid and K. Schossmaier},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-96",
   month = "September",
   year = 1999,
   note = {(submitted to Distributed Computing)},
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{Scho96,
   author = "Klaus Schossmaier",
   title = "{UTCSU} --- An {ASIC} to Support Clock Synchronization for Distributed Real-Time Systems",
   booktitle = "Seminar-Report 138 of {D}agstuhl-Seminar 9611 on ``Time Services''",
   year = 1996,
   address = "{S}chlo\ss\ {D}agstuhl, {G}ermany",
   month = mar,
   pages = "8",
   note = "(Reprinted in J. Real-Time Systems 12(3), 1997, p.~334)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{Scho96:rate,
   title = {Understanding Interval-based Clock Rate Synchronization Algorithms},
   author = "Klaus Schossmaier", 
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-70",
   month = dec,
   year = 1996,
   pages = {1-59},
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{Scho97,
   author = "K. Schossmaier",
   title = "An Interval-Based Framework for Clock Rate Synchronization Algorithms",
   booktitle = "Proceedings 16th {ACM} Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing",
   year = 1997,
   month = aug # " 21--24, ",
   pages = "169--178",
   address = "St. Barbara, USA",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@PhdThesis{Scho98,
   author = "Klaus Schossmaier",
   title = "Interval-based Clock State and Rate Synchronization",
   school = TUVienna # ", " # "Faculty of Technical and Natural Sciences",
   type = "Dissertation",
   year = 1998,
   pages = "253 p.",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@Article{SKMNCK99,
   author = {U. Schmid and J. Klasek and T. Mandl and H. Nachtnebel 
and G. R. Cadek and N. Ker\"o},
   title = "A {N}etwork {T}ime {I}nterface {M}-{M}odule for Distributing {GPS}-time over {LAN}s",
   journal = "J. Real-Time Systems",
   year = 2000,
   month = jan,
   volume = 18,
   number = 1,
   pages = "24--57",
   notes = "(Invited Paper)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{SM99,
   title = "Implementation of the {NTI} {D}evice-{H}andler", 
   author = {Ulrich~Schmid and Thomas Mandl},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-86",
   month = "January",
   year = 1999,
   pages = "40 p.",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{SL96,
   author = "Klaus Schossmaier and Dietmar Loy",
   title = "An {ASIC} Supporting External Clock Synchronization for 
            Distributed Real-Time Systems",
   booktitle = "Proceedings of the 8th Euromicro Workshop on 
                Real-Time Systems",
   address = "L'Aquila, Italy", 
   year = "1996",
   month = jun,
   pages = "277--282",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{SK99,
   title = "Implementing the Optimal Precision Algorithm for Clock
State \& Rate Synchronization", 
   author = {Klaus Schossmaier and Johann Klasek},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-91",
   month = "February",
   year = 1999,
   pages = {1-86},
   url = PaperURL,
}

@Article{SSHL97,
   author = "Klaus Schossmaier and Ulrich Schmid and Martin Horauer and Dietmar Loy",
   title = "Specification and Implementation of the {U}niversal {T}ime
{C}oordinated {S}ynchronization {U}nit ({UTCSU})",
   journal = "J. Real-Time Systems",
   year = 1997,
   volume = 12,
   number = 3,
   month = may,
   pages = "295--327",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@Article{ST87,
   author = "T. K. Srikanth and S. Toueg",
   title = "Optimal Clock Synchronization",
   journal = "Journal of the ACM",
   year = 1987,
   volume = 34,
   number = 3,
   pages = "626--645",
   month = jul,
}

@InProceedings{SW99,
   author = {Klaus Schossmaier and Bettina Weiss},
   title = {An Algorithm for Fault-Tolerant Clock State \& Rate Synchronization},
   booktitle = "Proceedings 18th {IEEE} Symposium on Reliable Distributed
Systems ({SRDS}'99)",
   year = 1999,
   month = oct # " 19--22, ",
   address = "Lausanne, Switzerland",
   pages = "36--47",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{SWGS99,
   author = {Ulrich Schmid and Bettina Weiss and G\"unther Gridling and Klaus Schossmaier},
   title = {A Unified Approach for Simulation and Experimental Evaluation of
Fault-Tolerant Distributed Systems},
   booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IASTED}
International Conference on Applied Modelling and Simulation ({AMS}'99)",
   year = 1999,
   month = sep # " 1--3, ",
   pages = {43-48},
   address = "Cairns, Queensland, Australia",
   notes = "(Invited Paper)",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{SWL90,
   author = {Barbara Simons and Jennifer Lundelius-Welch and Nancy Lynch},
   title = {An Overview of Clock Synchronization},
   booktitle = "Fault-Tolerant Distributed Computing",
   editor = {Barbara Simons and A. Spector},
   year = 1990,
   pages = "84--96",
   publisher = "Springer Verlag",
   note = "(Lecture Notes on Computer Science 448)",
}

@TechReport{US99:GPS-Driver,
   title = "{GPS} {D}evice-{D}river Software Documentation",
   author = {Martina Umlauft and Ulrich Schmid},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-97",
   month = "October",
   year = 1999,
   pages = "1--26",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{TP88,
   author = "P. M. Thambidurai and Y. K. Park",
   title = "Interactive Consistency with Multiple Failure Modes",
   booktitle = "Proceedings 7th Reliable Distributed Systems Symposium",
   month = oct,
   year = 1988,
}


@PhdThesis{Tro94,
   author = "G. D. Troxel",
   title = "Time Surveying: Clock Synchronization over Packet Networks",
   school = "Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 
             Massachusetts Institut of Technology",
   year = "1994",
   month = "May",
}

@InProceedings{VR92,
   author = "P. Ver\'{\i}ssimo and L. Rodrigues",
   title = "A posteriori Agreement for Fault-tolerant Clock Synchronization
on Broadcast Networks",
   booktitle = "Proceedings 22nd International Symosium on Fault-Tolerant Computing",
   month = jul,
   year = 1992,
   address = "Boston, Massachusetts",
}


@Article{VRC97,
   author = "P. Ver\'{\i}ssimo and L. Rodrigues and A. Casimiro",
   title = "{C}esium{S}pray: a Precise and Accurate Global Clock Service for
Large-scale Systems",
   journal = "J. Real-Time Systems",
   volume = 12,
   number = 3,
   pages = "243--294",
   year = 1997,
}

@MastersThesis{Wei97,
   author = "Bettina Weiss",
   title = "Simulation Environment for Clock Synchronization",
   school = TUAuto,
   type = "Diplomarbeit",
   month = jun,
   year = 1997,
   pages = "62 p.",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@TechReport{Wei99,
   title = "Simulation Environment for Clock Synchronization", 
   author = {Bettina Weiss},
   institution = TUAuto,
   number = "183/1-88",
   month = "February",
   year = 1999,
   pages = "105 p.",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@InProceedings{WGSS99,
   title = "The {SimUTC} Fault-Tolerant Distributed Systems Simulation Toolkit", 
   author = {Bettina Weiss and G\"unther Gridling and Ulrich Schmid and Klaus Schossmaier},
   booktitle = "Proceedings 7th International Symposium on 
Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems
({MASCOTS}'99)",
   month = oct # " 24--28, ",
   year = 1999,
   address = "College Park, MD, USA",
   pages = "68--75",
   url = PaperURL,
}

@Article{WLS97,
   author = "Chris J. Walter and Patrick Lincoln and N. Suri",
   title = "Formally Verified On-Line Diagnosis",
   journal = "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering",
   volume = 23,
   number = 11,
   month = nov,
   pages = "684--721",
   year = 1997,
}

@Article{WS00,
   author = "C. J. Walter and N. Suri",
   title = "The Customizable Fault/Error Model for Dependable Distributed Systems",
   journal = "Theoretical Computer Science",
   year = 2000,
   note = "(Special issue on Dependable Computing, to appear)",
   url = {http://www.ce.chalmers.se/~suri/papers/publications.html},
}

@InProceedings{WSH94,
   title = "Continual On-Line Diagnosis of Hybrid Faults", 
   author = {Chris J. Walter and Neeraj Suri and M. M. Hugue},
   booktitle = "Proceedings DCCA-4",
   month = jan,
   year = 1994,
}

@Article{YM93,
   author = "Z. Yang and T. A. Marsland",
   title = "Annotated Bibliography on Global States and Times in
Distributed Systems",
   journal = "{ACM SIGOPS} Operating Systems Review",
   year = 1993,
   pages = "55--72",
   month = jun,
}